Emergency communications, navigation systems, the internet, and many other modern conveniences are only possible through satellite technology. As our world grows more interconnected via satellite, manufacturers must build satellites that provide reliable, long-term performance. Devices like magnetic torquers, or magnetorquers, provide high-quality attitude control and proper orientation of the satellite by interacting with the Earth’s magnetic field.
Learn more about the role of magnetorquers in satellite attitude control, how they work, and their applications.
Satellite Attitude Control: An Overview
Satellite positioning plays a critical role in each satellite’s ability to receive, collect, and transmit data. This is why satellites must continuously maintain exactly the right position and orientation while in orbit. Some of the key ways that satellite attitude control manages orientation are:
- Positioning for different applications. Satellites need different orientations based on function. Earth observation satellites need a specific camera orientation, and communication satellites need their antennae at the right angle for maximum signal quality.
- Protection against disturbances. Atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, and other external forces can make satellites rotate. Satellite attitude control systems can correct those effects.
- Stabilizing. The satellite’s center of gravity can cause misalignment, and attitude control can correct bias.
Ultimately, satellite control solutions can help guarantee the success of the long-term mission by correcting misalignment over time. When designing these solutions, engineers need to consider limitations like the allowed weight, size, and energy consumption. Satellites may use a combination of different solutions ranging from control momentum gyroscopes to thrusts to reaction wheels, each of which has its benefits and tradeoffs. Magnetic torquers are a simpler, longer-lasting option with fewer points of failure.
What Are Magnetorquers and How Do They Work?
Magnetorquers have a magnetic coil or rod that generates a magnetic field whenever an electric current flows through the device. The field interacts with the Earth’s magnetic field, generating torque forces that move the satellite. Properly harnessed magnetorquers can generate the right torque to readjust satellites and move them back into alignment based on their core functions. Operating systems can control the magnetic field and the resulting movement by modifying the direction and magnitude of the electric current.
Depending on your satellite’s unique constraints and applications, different types of magnetorquers can provide optimal attitude control. The three most common types of magnetorquers are magnetic torquer bars, magnetic coils, and air core magnetorquers.
Magnetorquer Applications
Magnetorquers provide attitude control in satellites, CubeSats, backup systems, and orbit maneuvers, performing the following main functions:
- Three-axis stabilization in three-axis control systems
- De-tumbling after initial positioning
- Deorbiting small satellites for re-entry
- Desaturating reaction wheels
- Unloading momentum from complementary control actuators
Get in Touch With Magnetorquer Experts at Custom Coils
Magnetorquers offer simpler and more streamlined control over satellite positioning and realignment. Engineers can install them as a primary satellite attitude control system or in conjunction with other options like reaction wheels. These versatile devices can generate finely attuned magnetic fields to reposition satellites, neutralize disturbances, and keep satellites on track. They’re also less resource-intensive and vulnerable to failure than other solutions.
At Custom Coils, Inc., we specialize in crafting custom state-of-the-art electromagnetic solutions and coils for major industries, including aerospace companies. Our expertise in satellite attitude control systems gives our clients more options for fine-tuned control and efficient assemblies.
Contact us today for assistance choosing the right magnetorquer for your satellites, or request a quote to start your project.
